Operator AND (Conjunction)

• Source: https://www.freebasic.net/wiki/wikka.php?wakka=KeyPgOpAnd
• Last revised: 2016-03-13

---

Returns the bitwise-and (conjunction) of two numeric values

Syntax

` declare operator And ( byref lhs as T1, byref rhs as T2 ) as Ret

`

Usage

` result = lhs And rhs

`

Parameters

lhs

The left-hand side expression.

T1

Any numeric or boolean type.

rhs

The right-hand side expression.

T2

Any numeric or boolean type.

Ret

A numeric or boolean type (varies with T1 and T2).

Return Value

Returns the bitwise-and (conjunction) of the two operands.

Description

This operator returns the bitwise-and of its operands, a logical operation that results in a value with bits set depending on the bits of the operands (for conversion of a boolean to an integer, false or true boolean value becomes 0 or -1 integer value).

The truth table below demonstrates all combinations of a boolean-and operation:

Lhs Bit	Rhs Bit	Result
0	0	0
1	0	0
0	1	0
1	1	1

No short-circuiting is performed - both expressions are always evaluated.

The return type depends on the types of values passed. Byte, Ubyte and floating-point type values are first converted to Integer. If the left and right-hand side types differ only in signedness, then the return type is the same as the left-hand side type (T1), otherwise, the larger of the two types is returned. Only if the left and right-hand side types are both Boolean, the return type is also Boolean.

This operator can be overloaded for user-defined types.

Examples

start GeSHi

' Using the AND operator on two numeric values
Dim As UByte numeric_value1, numeric_value2
numeric_value1 = 15 '00001111
numeric_value2 = 30 '00011110

'Result =  14  =     00001110
Print numeric_value1 And numeric_value2
Sleep

end GeSHi

start GeSHi

' Using the AND operator on two conditional expressions
Dim As UByte numeric_value1, numeric_value2
numeric_value1 = 15
numeric_value2 = 25

If numeric_value1 > 10 And numeric_value1 < 20 Then Print "Numeric_Value1 is between 10 and 20"
If numeric_value2 > 10 And numeric_value2 < 20 Then Print "Numeric_Value2 is between 10 and 20"
Sleep

' This will output "Numeric_Value1 is between 10 and 20" because
' both conditions of the IF statement is true
' It will not output the result of the second IF statement because the first
' condition is true and the second is false.

end GeSHi

Dialect Differences

• In the -lang qb dialect, this operator cannot be overloaded.

Differences from QB

• None

See also

• AndAlso
• Operator Truth Tables

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